26 JUNE 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG answer lies in the fact that while such enrichments are designed to meet the nutritional needs of specific species, they may not be customized for pikeperch larvae. This could potentially lead to overfeeding or supplying unnecessary nutrients, which could have adverse long-term effects. And, ultimately, the goal is to minimize rearing costs and establish economically sustainable husbandry protocols. Upon close examination, the differences in results between the Chlorella treatment and Spresso over the short term (21 days) are minimal, making the use of Chlorella as an enrichment both economically and environmentally more sustainable. These findings suggest that incorporating C. vulgaris into live feed during the pikeperch larval stage enhances stress resilience and could potentially replace the need for more expensive commercial enrichment diets. Further studies investigating the long-term effects of such enrichments are necessary to evaluate their viability. Notes Carlos Yanes Roca, Institute of Intensive Aquaculture, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05, České Budějovice cyanesroca@frov.jcu.cz References Chatterjee, I. B. 1973. Evolution and the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Science, 182(4118), 1271-1272. Dabrowski, K. 1990. Absorption of ascorbic acid and ascorbic sulfate and ascorbate metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 160, 549-561. Dalsgaard, J., Lund, I., Thorarinsdottir, R., Drengstig, A., and K. Arvonen. 2013. Farming different species in RAS in Nordic countries: Current status and future perspectives. Aquac. Eng. 53, 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUAENG.2012.11.008 Divanach, P., Papandroulakis, N., Anastasiadis, P., Koumoundouros, G., and M. Kentouri. 1997. Effect of water currents on the development of skeletal deformities in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) with functional swimbladder during postlarval and nursery phase. Aquaculture 156, 145–155. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00072-0 FAO, 2020. The state of food and agriculture. Rome. Hilge, V. and W. Steffens. 1996. Aquaculture of fry and fingerling of pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.)? a short review. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 12, 167–170. https://doi. FIGURE 3. Pikeperch larval Vitamin C content after 21 days from four treatments (Chlorella, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Spresso (SP) and Control (Nannochloropsis occulata). FIGURE 4. Pikeperch larval salinity challenge survival results after 180 minutes from four treatments (Chlorella, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Spresso (SP) and Control (Nannochloropsis). FIGURE 5. a. Pikeperch larval salinity challenge survival results after 180 minutes from four treatments in relation to larval cortisol levels after challenge (Chlorella, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Spresso (SP) and Control (Nannochloropsis).
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