World Aquaculture Magazine - March 2021

36 MARCH 2021 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is an example of circular economy method that grows several species in the same or related systems. Outputs from one species are used as inputs for the next species in the system. 9. Use renewable energy sources. Global aquaculture has been recently estimated to account for only 0.49 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (MacLeod et al . 2020) but aquaculture should strive to further reduce its carbon footprint and to become part of the solution by promoting carbon-sequestering technologies. The main current sources of energy for aquafarms are grid electricity, diesel fuel, gasoline and in some cases liquified propane gas. Some farms use fuel-powered generators to produce their own electricity onsite. There is a lot of interest and projects pioneering the use of renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar, and on the use of waste heat from co- located industries or geothermal sources for hyper-intensive farms and hatcheries (Juarez et al. in press). This trend should be used as a foundation and expanded for future aquaculture projects. Passive heating and cooling should also be used wherever possible. 10. Pay close attention to the market. Sustainability and traceability are increasingly required by seafood distributors and consumers. These demands usually take the form of certification programs and/or codes of good management practices. Certification programs try to address not only environmental sustainability but also social issues, product traceability, animal welfare and many related concerns. In their attempt to address everything, these programs have in some cases diluted the most important environmental impacts and have increasingly become perceived as a mere tax to access environmentally aware consumers and markets. Producers need to take back control of their product’s image in the market and work towards changing the public’s perception of farmed seafood as a second-class good. More effective transfer of knowledge from scientists to farmers and better capacity-building programs at all levels of aquaculture value chains will no doubt help improve the sustainability of aquaculture. These guidelines summarize vast amounts of research and experience into ten simplified principles. Hopefully, they will help stakeholders to incorporate sustainability throughout the value chain for aquaculture to continue its growth and contributions to the global food supply in a way consistent with the health of our planet. Innovation and disruption will undoubtedly bring about new paradigms for aquaculture to evolve in a sustainable way. Aquaculture needs to continue evolving in an increasingly sustainable manner so that it can keep on contributing responsibly to the global protein supply for years to come. The time for aquaculture has come! See you at World Aquaculture 2021 in Merida, Mexico: #AquacultureNow. Notes Lorenzo M. Juárez, Sea Products Development, Taft, Texas. USA lorenzojuarez@yahoo.com Juan Pablo Lazo, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California. México, jplazo@cicese.mx Antonio Garza de Yta, Secretaría de Pesca y Acuacultura de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas. Mexico antonio.garzadeyta@tam.gob.mx References Boyd, C.E., A.A. McNevin, P. Racine, H.Q. Tinh, H.N. Minh, R. Viriyatum, D. Paungkaew and C.R. Engle. 2017. Resource use of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon production in Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 48:201-226. Boyd, C.E., A.A. McNevin, R. Davis, R. Godumala and A. Mohan. 2018. Production methods and resource use at Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon farms in India compared with previous findings from Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 49:551-569. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2012. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Opportunities and challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. Haupt, F., C. Streck, H. Bakhtary, K. Behm, A. Kroeger and I. Schulte. 2017. 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