World Aquaculture September 2018

WWW.WA S.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEP TEMBER 2018 65 References Franz, C., K. Baser andW. Windisch. 2010. Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding–a European perspective. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 25:327-340. Karásková, K., P.Suchý and E. Straková. 2015. Current use of phytogenic feed additives in animal nutrition: a review. Czech Journal of Animal Science 60:521-530. Reverter, M., N. Bontemps, D. Lecchini, B. Banaigs and P. Sasal. 2014. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture 433:50-61. Rodrigues, V., R. Colen, L. Ribeiro, G. Santos, R. A. Gonçalves and J. Dias. 2018. Effect of dietary essential oils supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and protein digestibility of juvenile gilthead seabream fed a low-fishmeal diet. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 49:676-685. Tisserand, R. and R. Young. 2014. 2 - Essential oil composition. Pages 5-22 In: R. Tisserand and R. Young, editors. Essential Oil Safety (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone, St. Louis, MO, USA. TABLE 2. Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets tested in the present study. Ingredients, % CTRL Phyto C Phyto E Fishmeal 70 LT 7.0 7.0 7.0 Fishmeal FAQ 7.0 7.0 7.0 CPSP 90 5.0 5.0 5.0 Pea protein concentrate 14.0 14.0 14.0 Wheat gluten 8.0 8.0 8.0 Corn gluten 5.0 5.0 5.0 Soybean meal 48 9.0 9.0 9.0 Wheat DDGS 5.3 5.3 5.3 Wheat meal 21.5 21.5 21.5 Fish oil 10.0 10.0 10.0 Rapeseed oil 3.2 3.2 3.2 Vitamin & Mineral Premix 1.0 1.0 1.0 Di-calcium phosphate 2.0 2.0 2.0 L-Lysine 1.5 1.5 1.5 DL-Methionine 0.5 0.5 0.5 Supplemental products (g/kg) PEP 1000 1 1.2 PEP MGE 150 2 0.2 (Rodrigues et al . 2018). TABLE 3. Growth performance of gilthead seabream fed the three experimental diets for 63 days. Growth performance CTRL Phyto C Phyto E P-value IBW (g) 27.9 ± 2.1 - FBW (g) 84.3 ± 2.2 86.8 ± 1.2 87.7 ± 2.2 0.166 Weight gain (%IBW/day) 3.15 ± 0.19 3.19 ± 0.15 3.26 ± 0.20 0.773 SGR (%/day) 1.76 ± 0.04 1.80 ± 0.02 1.82 ± 0.04 0.121 VFI (%IBW/day) 4.04 ± 0.07 3.73 ± 0.40 3.66 ± 0.31 0.317 FCR 1.28 ± 0.07 1.16 ± 0.07 1.12 ± 0.05 0.056 PER 1.83 ± 0.10 1.99 ± 0.13 2.11 ± 0.09 0.051 ADC Dry matter (%) 83.6 ± 0.4 83.6 ± 0.2 83.9 ± 0.2 0.495 ADC Protein (%) 92.3 ± 0.2 92.4 ± 0.1 92.5 ± 0.0 0.531 Values are means ± s. d. (n = 3, except ADC where n = 2). IBW – Initial body weight; FBW – Final body weight; SGR – Specif ic grow th rate; VFI – Voluntar y feed intake; FCR – Feed conversion ratio; PER – Protein ef f iciency ratio; ADC – Apparent digestibility coef f icient. (Rodrigues et al. 2018).