CURRENT STATUS OF SCALLOP CULTURE IN BRAZIL CURRENT STATUS OF VOLUME 47, NUMBER 3 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 2016 W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2016 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. P: +1-225-578-3137; F: +1-225-578-3493; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2016-2017 Juan Pablo Lazo, President Rebecca Lochmann, Immediate Past President William Daniels, President-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Jennifer Cobcroft, Secretary DIRECTORS Zuridah O. Merican Carole R. Engle Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes-Valenti Darryl E. Jory Antonio Garza de Yta CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Endhay Kontara, Asian Pacific Gef Flimlin, USAS Lorenzo Juarez, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2014, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 47 NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2016 Cover: Fresh scallops ready for shipment to consumers. See article on page 12. Photo: Patricia Abelin. 8 17th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding 9 Call for Speakers for Special Sessions at Aquaculture America 2017 10 A Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 10 Best Paper Award for Each Section of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 12 Current Status of Scallop Culture in Brazil Patricia Abelin, André L. De Araújo and Artur N. Rombenso 19 Benefits of Including Krill Meal in Shrimp Diets Lena Burri and Alberto J. P. Nunes 25 Status of Aquaculture in the Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania Flower E. Msuya, Hashim Muumin and Salum Hamed 30 Nanovaccines: a Possible Solution for Mass Vaccination in Aquaculture T.N. Vinay, G.C. Tanmoy, P. Anutosh, K.G. Sanjay and S. Biplab 34 The Potential Use of Bacillus and Lactobacillus as Probiotics in Portunid Crab Larviculture Kwong Kok Onn, Anita Talib, Md. Arif Chowdury, Khairun Yahya and Wan Mustaffa Wan Din 39 Fingerling Production of Orange-Spotted Grouper on Abu Al Abayad Island, United Arab Emirates Omer M. Yousif, Krishn Akumar, M. Balamurugan, V. Hozifa and A. Sagir 43 The Most Beautiful Oyster Wayne O’Connor, Michael Dove and Steve McOrrie 49 Outbreak of Severe Infection Caused by Pseudomonas putida in Cultured Hybrid Catfish Silurus asotus♀ × Silurus meridionalis♂ X. L. Huang , Y. J. Duan, Z. J. Du and D. F. Chen, Y. Geng and K. Y. Wang 55 Identification of Burrowing Worms and Bacteria Associated with Shell Injuries on Red Abalone Cultured in Baja California, Mexico Jorge Cáceres-Martínez, Yessica Hernández-Mercado, Roberto Cruz- Flores, Montserrat Muñoz-Flores and Rebeca Vásquez-Yeomans 60 An Abandoned Marine Quarry: A Unique Resource for Aquaculture William A. Wurts 65 A Biosecure Nursery System for Disease Mitigation in Shrimp Farming in India S. Felix and M. Menaga (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column I write this as I sit mesmerized by ancient ruins on top of the hills overlooking the Colosseum in Rome. I think of all of the accomplishments brought about by this ancient civilization and reflect on how much humanity has changed and progressed over time. In particular, I consider how humans have depended on fisheries resources since the onset of early civilization and how aquaculture has played an increasingly important role in providing food security and nutrition to humans. I am representing WAS at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ 32nd Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) meeting in Rome and attending the presentation of SOFIA 2016. COFI is the United Nations intergovernmental forum where major international fisheries and aquaculture issues are examined and discussed. SOFIA is the State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture published every two years by FAO, which includes detailed statistics regarding fisheries production throughout the world and is considered a well-informed and balanced reference. Based on the information discussed and exchanged during the meeting, I am struck by the fact that between 2013-2015, for the first time in history at the global level, farmed fish and shellfish were consumed in greater quantity than wild-caught fisheries. If we include aquatic plants, aquaculture now produces about 52 percent of the total worldwide fisheries production, with an estimated 101.1 million t produced in 2014. This is a major milestone for aquaculture and its implications should not be taken lightly. It is important to acknowledge that 58.1 percent of fish stocks are fully fished and 31.4 percent are overfished, leaving only 10.5 percent under-fished. It is well documented that the world fisheries catch has not increased over the last 30 years and that it is unlikely to increase in the future. Nevertheless, in 2014 the world per capita fish consumption reached a new record high of 20 kg. This has been achieved mainly by increasing fish production through aquaculture. Thus, meeting the present and projected demand for human fish consumption depends on aquaculture and the research and development on which it depends, and we must meet this challenge based on a global agenda for sustainable aquaculture. Thanks to the diversity of aquaculture practices, the multiple species that can now be cultured at small and large scales and the recent and dynamic growth in its production, aquaculture has been able to supply the world-wide demand for fisheries products for human consumption despite population growth. However, this will difficult to sustain if we consider that the expected global population will be close to 10 billion by 2050. Having reviewed the latest trends and outlook with respect to the world fisheries production during the 32nd COFI meeting in Rome, it is clear to me that we are now entering a new era with an outlook that indicates that aquaculture will be the main force behind growth in the fisheries production sector. This is a tremendous responsibility and WAS must assist farmers throughout the world by developing and helping implement strategies that ensure sustainability and by providing the best science-based information and technology. WAS must help balance the use of our fisheries resources in an environmental, social and economically responsible manner. Your active participation and involvement in our Society’s meetings, Board of Directors and publications throughout the world can help achieve this goal. Please get involved! — Juan Pablo Lazo, President Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Korean Chapter Report 5 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 6 USAS Chapter Report 7 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Membership Application The FAO has recently released the latest SOFIA report (www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf). Aquaculture now provides more than half of all fish for human consumption. Production of aquatic animals in 2014 was 73.8 million t, with a value of more than US$160 billion. China accounts for 60 percent of global fish production from aquaculture. Other top producers are India, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Bangladesh. About 18 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture million people are engaged in fish farming, 96 percent from Asia. The top seafood exporters are China, Norway and Viet Nam. Global per capita consumption of fish and other seafood is about 20 kg, with about half provided by aquaculture. Fish accounts for 17 percent of the global intake of animal protein. Fish provides 3.1 billion people with about 20 percent of their average per capita intake of animal protein.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2016 3 Editor’s Note Someone attending the trade show at a WAS conference for the first time might be excused for thinking that recirculating aquaculture plays an outsized role in contributing to global seafood production. This skewed perspective seems to be rather pervasive among the general public and the environmental NGO community. A casual internet search returns many links to articles about recirculating aquaculture. The reasons for the popularity of recirculating systems are not clear. Many are enamored of the technology and equipment and the idea of a “fish factory.” Perhaps it is the high degree of control over production compared to other systems. Another reason is the degree to which some aquaculture scientists and engineers advocate for particular technology approaches, almost to the point of evangelism. So, what is the appropriate role for recirculating aquaculture? Arguably the best applications of RAS are in hatchery and nursery settings, where control over water quality and the ability to hold fish at high densities can be advantageous. Perhaps the best example of this is the widespread production of salmonid smolts in recirculating systems. Marine Harvest is currently making large new investments in recirculating hatchery and smolt operations to support net-pen growout in Norway, Scotland and Canada. Other companies are investing in facilities in Iceland, Finland and elsewhere. In the last issue of World Aquaculture, Josh Goldman described the rather dismal business success of RAS built for grow-out, which could be as low as 10 percent. Despite this, companies continue to make rather large investments in RAS technology for grow-out. Recent news reports indicate that US$261 million is being invested in a 600-t grouper farm in Oman. Nissui is investing in a 200 t/yr RAS facility for sashimi-grade white shrimp in Japan. Inland farming of shrimp in RAS is taking place in Europe (Spain, Germany, Greece, Latvia) and the US (Indiana, Texas). One of the more notable investments in commercial recirculating aquaculture is taking place in China, where Sino Agro Food, Inc. is developing the Zongshan MegaFarm on some prime real estate in the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong. When fully phased in by 2025, the farm will have an estimated production capacity of around 200,000 t and possibly 300,000 t of freshwater prawns, Asian cod and eels. The focus markets are middle-class Chinese consumers and the high-end live market. It remains to be seen whether or not such a massive facility will be successful but the multi-million dollar capital investment required is obvious. In general, business success of such ventures depends on much more than technological success. The economic performance of RAS depends on a specific set of conditions, often linked to being able to obtain a price premium for a high-quality or high-demand product because production costs in RAS are often higher than in other production systems and so return-on-investment is much less than with other systems. Getting the scale right is also critical for success with RAS technology. Part of the issue with scale is that commercial RAS facilities often exist in isolation from one another. As such, it is difficult to achieve economies-of-scale with respect to other parts of the value chain, such as feed supply and processing, when RAS facilities exist in scattered isolation. Regional production of multiple RAS facilities is needed for successful sector development. In many places, RAS-based production facilities target specialty or local niche markets because they cannot compete with low-cost commodity producers. Other initiatives are underway for land-based grow-out of Atlantic salmon in RAS. The research team at The Freshwater Institute has developed a technology package and has rolled it out for commercial application. Analysis of economic performance and environmental footprint appear to show that RAS technology is at least competitive and comparable with the net-pen approach. One of the first facilities to grow salmon using RAS (Kuterra) is operated by the Namgis Fist Nation on Vancouver Island, Canada. A business unit of Nordic Seafood has started to construct 2,400-t RAS salmon production facilities in Norway and Denmark. It remains to be seen if these facilities will be economically sustainable without investment subsidies and price premiums, and if issues such as disease management, offflavor and general product quality can be resolved to make production in RAS comparable to salmon raised at sea. Culturing shrimp and fish in RAS has also caught the attention of the environmental NGO community. The approach is considered “eco-friendly” or “earth friendly” aquaculture by the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program, which recommends shrimp and salmon produced in RAS as a “Best Choice” for consumers. The Food and Water Watch is advocating that only salmon produced in land-based RAS should be considered for organic labeling under the proposed USDA organic standards for aquaculture. This view seems rather myopic. While it is true that RAS can address certain environmental impacts associated with shrimp or salmon farming, this production system is very energy intensive, resulting in increased carbon footprint per unit production. The tradeoff between local and global effects seems to be worth it to those organizations advocating RAS as a solution to environmental problems. Another appropriate place for recirculating systems is in socalled “backyard” aquaculture, as developed nearly 40 years ago by organizations such as the Rodale Institute and the New Alchemy Institute. The stepchild of backyard aquaculture – aquaponics – now dominates the interest of aquaculture hobbyists. Recirculating aquaculture also has a place in primary and secondary education, where it represents an excellent tool to teach ecology, nutrient cycling, and using waste as a resource. The community of aquaculture professionals needs to be responsible to potential investors, environmentalists, consumers and the general public in describing the advantages and disadvantages of RAS technology. A balanced and comprehensive perspective about what RAS can and cannot do can foster a realistic outlook and thereby serve to promote further commercial applications of this promising production technology. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Finding the Proper Place for Recirculating Aquaculture
4 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS Abalone and the Rio 2016 Olympics Wando, an island at the southern end of South Korea, sent 30 kg of smoked abalone to the Rio Olympic village to support South Korean athletes. Smoked abalone is considered to be an energy booster. Wando said it sent the seafood to support South Korean Olympic golf coach Kyung-ju Choi, who was born in Wando, and to provide energy to his team. Choi, commonly known as K.J. Choi, is a South Korean golfer who has won 20 professional golf tournaments worldwide since he turned pro in 1994. He has spent 40 weeks in the top-10 of world rankings after winning the Players Championship in 2011. Choi is also the first Olympic golf coach in the country. koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/ sports/2016/08/600_211782.html Biofloc Fish Culture Technology Seminar The National Institute of Fisheries and Science (NIFS) held a seminar on biofloc fish culture technology on 12 May at the Inland Fisheries Research Center, NIFS. Topics such as development of biofloc fish culture technology, water desalination system management plan and fish building forms using BFT were discussed. Oyster Industry Workshop A workshop organized by the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS; Formerly National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) was held on 22 June Tongyeong City to seek plans for oyster industry development. Over 100 participants from fishermen organizations, local government officials, academics and the general public gathered to discuss topics on expanding domestic consumption and the export market. To overcome current problems, several topics were presented: (1) Dr. Pyung Am Bae (Chairman of the Korea Aqua Forum) presented “Oyster Aquaculture Industry - Past, Present and Future,” (2) Dr. Young Baek Hur (NIFS) presented “Korean Oyster Aquaculture Industry Development and Future Strategy,” (3) Seong Eum (Chairman of the Korea Shellfish Seed Association) reported the current issues and development plan of the artificial seed industry, and (4) Dr. Jong-Soo Mok (NIFS) proposed “Hygiene Measures for Expansion of Oyster Export Market and Domestic Consumption.” Finally, Prof. Woo-Geon Jeong (Gyeongsang National University) chaired the wrap-up discussion session. Bring a Healthy Future with Seaweeds The special exhibition “Bring a Healthy Future with Seaweeds,” organized by the Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science was held from 14-19 July at the Jeolla Provincial Library, Muan, Jeonnamdo. At the exhibition venue, dried seaweed specimens, photos and panels of seaweed materials were displayed. There were hands-on and photo zones where participants enjoyed and had a special experience. As a satellite event, the Seaweed Research Center held a special symposium on the current status and future prospects of the seaweed. The theme was the “Current Status and Prospects of Seaweed Industry” and the following topics were presented: (1) present status and future trends in the Korean seaweed industry, (2) availability and usage of seaweeds, (3) current status and prospect of gim (laver) export, (5) promotion of stable export expansion plan in gim export measures, and (5) plans for promoting and expanding gim exports. Abalone Industry Workshop The Abalone Industry Association of Korea held an abalone industry workshop on 21 July at the Abalone Institute, Jeonnamdo Marine Fisheries Research and Development Institute. Over 50 professionals attended. Dr. Woo Cheol Shin, Mayor of Wando-Gun said that “We expect that we can stabilize abalone aquaculture by supplying superior abalone seed and promote exports to China through cooperation between producers and exporters.” Topics such as high-quality abalone production, tight registration and sanitary procedures for export goods, developing a win-win cooperative network system among abalone organizations were discussed. UPCOMING EVENTS Busan International Seafood & Fisheries EXPO 2016 (BISFE 2016) Busan Metropolitan City hosts the Busan International Seafood & Fisheries Expo 2016 (BISFE 2016) on 27-29 October at BEXCO Exhibition Center I, Busan. More than 400 exhibitors with 850 booths from 30 countries will participate this year. This event has been organized by BEXCO, Korea Fishery Trade Association, National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives, and KOTRA and supported by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea Fisheries Association, and Korea Overseas Fisheries Association. During the exhibition, seafood, fisheries equipment (including seafood processing machinery, aquaculture equipment, HACCP facilities), marine biotechnology (including aquaculture feeds, drugs, research achievements) and fishing articles will be exhibited. In conjunction with the BISFE 2016, several international events (Foreign Buyer Business Meeting, Korean Buyer Business Meeting, Industrial Tour) and academic seminars (International Conference of KOFFST, Busan Fisheries Policy Forum, fisheries administration meeting of metropolitan cities and provinces, Aquaculture Technology Workshop, Marine Bio Promotion Events) will be held. www.bisfe.com/index-e.php Tenth World Ocean Forum 2016 The World Ocean Forum (WOF), contributing to the realization of marine powers and aiming for something similar to the Davos Forum in terms of the oceans, celebrates its tenth anniversary this year. The WOF has been developed as a forum Korean Chapter
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2016 5 CHAPTER REPORTS for global debate on analyzing various issues and seeking their measures with world-class scholars and marine experts. It is being organized by the Korea Association of Marine Industry and hosted by the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Busan Metropolitan City, and BusanIlbo. The Tenth WOF 2016 will be held from 11-13 October under the theme of “Ocean: The Beginning of a New Era” in Busan, the Ocean Capital of Korea. The future strategy to sense the change of the ocean industry and a new ocean value with IBCA platforms in a new paradigm of the fourth industrial revolution will be discussed. Future strategies will be explored to create new values from the oceans by understanding new trends in the marine industry by using big data platforms. It is important to raise awareness of the marine industry and promote the development of the domestic marine industry, a blue ocean and food warehouse for humanity in the future, and share insights of the future marine industry for 2016 with professionals from North East Asian countries and major developed countries, and find a way to achieve sustainable development of the oceans. www.wof.kr/eng/html/02_forum/ forum_01.php The 12th Japan-Korean Joint Symposium on Aquaculture The 12th Japan-Korean Joint Symposium on Aquaculture will be held on 3-4 November 2016 at Mie University, Tsu, Japan. The participants of the joint symposium and the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Aquaculture Science will join the special event - Ama (Haenyo) Summit in Shima Peninsula, Japan. For additional information, contact Prof. Takao Yoshimatsu (takaoyos@bio.mie-u. ac.jp) or Prof. Ik Kyo Chung (ikchung@pnu.edu). The deadline for abstract submissions is 7 October 2016. wwb.jp/zoushoku/Japan_ Korea_Sympo2016/160810_12th_Japan-Korea_JointSymposium.pdf Wando Seaweed Expo 2017 The government has decided to recognize next year’s seaweed expo in the southwestern coastal county of Wando as an international event. The finance ministry’s international events screening panel will subsidize the event with some 3 billion won (US$2.63 million), plus administrative support. The 2017 event, set to be held in the county’s port and its vicinity for a 24-day run from 14 April 2017, will present the future of the seaweed industry. www.wandoexpo.com — Ik Kyo Chung, President After the great success of Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2016 (APA’16), beginning my term as President of the Asian Pacific Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society has been a great value to me. The chapter has become more effective and more developed as a society. We have many exciting upcoming events, plans for new honors and awards, and better engagement to build a strong team among the executive committee. We have held monthly meetings to gain more ideas and develop plans for the future. The current APC Board includes Dr. Farshad Shishehchian, Dr. Guiallume Drillet, Dr. S. Felix, Mr. Allen MingHsun Wu, Ms. May Myat Noe Lwin, Ms. Amornrat Boonchuay and Dr. Dinesh Kaippilly. The ACCRRI’16 conference and tradeshow has been organized by Tamil Nadu Fisheries University in collaboration with the Asian Pacific Chapter of WAS. The conference emphasizes the need for the industry to consider production system, feed and disease management as the elements of biosecurity that are needed to move shrimp farming in India forward. It also aims to develop a network needed in all areas of aquaculture business, research, marketing and value chain. The ACCRRI’16 has the theme “Reflect and Restore Tempo of Vannamei Shrimp Farming in India” and will be held at Hotel Green Park, Chennai, India from 23-24 August 2016. It will focus on contemporary issues and include a trade show with many booths showing the latest products and services. Speakers will include Dr. Kevin Fitzsimmons, Dr. Farshad Shishehchian, Dr. Yoram Avnimelech, Dr. Tzachi Samocha, Dr. Luo Chu Fang, and Dr. A.V. Suresh. Another upcoming event supported by the Asian Pacific Chapter this year is the AquaSG’16- Innovation and Investment in Aquaculture that will be held in Singapore from 19-21 October 2016. Researchers, investors, farmers, feed manufacturers, nutritionists, environmental agencies, decision makers and stakeholders from the international aquaculture industry can look forward to an exceptional platform for learning and discussing ideas about aquaculture science and technology. This will be a 3-day conference and exhibition, with a pre-conference workshop. Dr. Slamet Soebjakto, Dr. Albert G. J. Tacon, Dr. Claude E. Boyd, Dr. Shaun M. Moss, Dr. Farshad Shishehchian, Dr. Wendy Sealey, Dr. Endhay K. Kontara have been invited to share their industry knowledge and best practices during the workshops and conference. In 2017, the exciting event of Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2017 (APA’17) will take place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia at Putra World Trade Centre from 24-27 July 2017. APA’17 will be hosted by the Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries, Malaysia. Special sessions will be held to address the everyday practical concerns and needs of aquaculture farmers. The conference will include a large exhibition featuring international companies showcasing the latest in products, services and all aquaculture related information. — Endhay Kusnendar Kontara, President Asian Pacific Chapter
6 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG U.S. Aquaculture Society At this time of year, summer in the northern hemisphere, people in aquaculture tend to be extremely busy. It is also the time for planning for the winter and the annual meeting of the U.S. Aquaculture Society. Aquaculture America 2017 will be in San Antonio, Texas from 19-22 February 2017. The theme for the conference is “Forging New Frontiers” and it seeks to keep US aquaculture development on a bright trail for the future. The meeting will also have a great aquaculture trade show with as many as 200 exhibitors, so conference participants can inspect the latest in products and services for the aquaculture industry. As usual, the meeting will have interesting educational sessions, and San Antonio is a fun place for a meeting, especially with the Riverwalk. This year the meeting is being planned under the excellent leadership of Mike Denson, Immediate Past President of USAS, Kathleen Hartman, our previous Past President and Dave Straus, who serves as a member of the current Board of Directors. The special sessions are filling up and many of the regular technical programs will be on the agenda. It has been wonderful expanding the partnership between USAS and the National Aquaculture Association (NAA) and Paul Zajicek, the new President of NAA, will be working with his team to fill in the expanded producer programs. Abstracts or “placeholder” abstracts were due August 25. Placeholder abstracts allow those who grab a spot to have up to December 31 to submit their final abstract. If you missed this, keep the “placeholder” concept in mind for future meetings if you are in the midst of research and don’t know if it will all work out in time. Students should be made aware of the many opportunities for awards for the San Antonio meeting because there are a good number available. Partial support for these awards comes from companies that are involved in aquaculture and want to see student research, realizing that innovation can come in many ways and that students are potential employees. Someone has to win these awards so university faculty should urge their students to compete. All the specific information is listed on the USAS website at usaquaculture. org/student-awards. Angela Caporelli, the new Vice President of USAS, will be coordinating the awards and the deadline for submission is in December, so think seriously about how you might present your work. Speaking of students, there is a new Student Subgroup at Auburn University. They are still in the early formative stages and at this writing have not yet elected their officers. They continue to work to clean up their by-laws, but kudos to those folks for going in the right direction. If there are any other schools that would like to form a student subgroup and start to understand the potential of USAS, please reach out to the Officers or Board for some help. Bauer Duke, the chair of the Student Subunit Committee, has been working with Board member Eric Peatman, President-Elect Dave Cline, and Carter Ullman, the Student Apprentice to the Student Activities Committee who is at Auburn, to make this happen. To help get the word out about USAS events, Bill Walton, Dennis MacIntosh and Vice President Dave Cline have been expanding the use of social media for USAS. An Instagram account (instagram.com/usaquasoc) and a Twitter account (twitter.com/usaquasoc) have been established. And don’t forget that there is still the USAS Facebook page and most of the newest and most important news from USAS is posted there. It allows for longer bits of text so it’s a good place to keep up to date. We’d really like you to share what is going on with your experiments, field work or lab work. It is very possible that we will have some judging for best submissions or photos with prizes going out too. So please check these things out and send some posts out to the other members of USAS. As part of the member services concept that was begun by our Past President Mike Denson, Board Member Allen Pattillo from Iowa State has expanded the grant he received from the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center and had USAS and NAA partner to deliver a large group of educational videos on various aspects of aquaculture. There have already been four webinars presented and these are posted on the USAS website for viewing at your convenience. Allen will be coordinating about one webinar per month until next February. Announcements about these will likely be posted on the USAS Facebook page and may go out as an email blast from the WAS Home Office where Carol Mendoza and Judy Andrasko keep the lines of communication humming. For the first time this year, USAS decided to expand its reach and participate as a co-sponsor of a regional meeting, the International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture in Roanoke, Virginia. This series of conferences have been going on for a while and seem to be one of the main venues for new information about aquaculture engineering. USAS sponsored two students, one from Hawaii and one from New Hampshire to work with Board Member Kwamena Quagrainie to set up a booth at the conference trade show and hand out information about USAS. The Officers and Board of USAS would like to continue to help support some state and regional meetings with sponsorship. If you are aware of meetings being planned, contact one of the officers or send a note explaining the event and it will go to the board for a vote. All should know that under the watchful eye of Gulni (Rose) Ozbay, our Secretary/Treasurer, our finances and investments are doing well and allowing us to do these kinds of sponsorships. As a final note, I want to mention a phrase attributed to Groucho Marx. He essentially said when resigning from the Friars Club that he didn’t want to belong to a club that would have a person like him as a member. As I have been working with the Board and Officers, off and on, for several years, I see that the vast majority of members of USAS think that membership is something to put on a resume and to get a journal. Being part of an organization of learned people is such an opportunity for increasing knowledge, collaborating with dedicated like-minded people, and helping aquaculture grow and succeed in the US and internationally. So, when the USAS leadership tries to reach out on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and through emails with new opportunities or requests for information about what you are doing where you are, please don’t think like Groucho. YOU are the United States Aquaculture Society. USAS is a sum of its parts. Be the part that participates. — Gef Flimlin, President CHAPTER REPORTS
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2016 7 CHAPTER REPORTS One of the constant preoccupations of the Board of the Latin America and Caribbean Chapter (LACC) of WAS and of its parent society is to provide members with an attractive package of benefits, one that provides clear answers to the question of why should an aquaculture professional join our chapter and what membership benefits should he or she expect. Rather than reciting the list of benefits that we offer, I’d rather approach the issue from a personal point-of-view. In this column I want to briefly tell you about my history with WAS and LACC and about the rich professional and personal rewards I have obtained since joining. Back in 1981, while a graduate student at Auburn, I had the honor of meeting Dr. James Avault, one of the WAS founders, and by then already a past president, of what in those years was called the World Mariculture Society. On that occasion, Dr. Avault was visiting our school and gave a presentation about the young society, which was small and focused on marine species. Because of my interest in shrimp and prawns and because I sensed that being part of a professional society would help launch my non-existent career, I decided to devote some scarce and otherwise beer-worthy money into joining. This proved to be possibly the best investment I ever made in my career. Shortly thereafter, in March 1982, and only months before graduation, Dr. David Rouse, my advisor, organized a student trip to Charleston, South Carolina, so that we could attend the annual meeting of the nascent society. Attending this meeting was not only great fun with fellow students but more importantly an eye opener. Although small by today’s standards – about 450 participants – the meeting gave me the chance to meet the authors of the journal articles I had been studying for the last few years. Names that were legendary for a young student suddenly became approachable human beings. Just being able to ask questions and discuss issues with these prominent researchers and industry leaders opened a whole range of possibilities for me. Throughout the next 35 years I have been lucky to count among my friends and contacts some of the scientific leaders in our field, and this is something for which I will always be grateful to WAS. Since that time I have attended, presented papers, and chaired sessions at many WAS and LACC conferences in some very exciting destinations. I always look forward to catching up with the latest research, but more importantly, to chat with old friends and make new ones. Countless times in my professional life I have consulted the WAS and LACC websites to find contact information for a colleague or the dates of a conference, to purchase a WAS book, or to check available jobs or available candidates for a job. I am one of those dinosaurs that continues to receive paper publications, and in my office you can see today the Society’s publications, from the venerable, thick, blue, yearly proceedings of the 70s and 80s to the last number of the redesigned journal, passing through many numbers of World Aquaculture magazine. Both the journal and the magazine provide great ways to stay on top of who is doing what and are also great outlets to publish research and technical pieces for a wider audience. Later in my career I volunteered to help run the Society and I was lucky to be elected to its Board of Directors. Working with the board provided an opportunity to see the inner workings of the Society, to work on committees, and as an officer, culminating with the undeserved honor and high responsibility to be elected president. I was then lucky to repeat these experiences with the board of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter. Working with the boards of WAS and LACC has been an incredible learning experience and has provided me with the opportunity to give back to the Society for so many benefits received. Looking back 35 years I can say that belonging to WAS and LACC has been central to my professional development; its main value being the opportunity to establish links and exchange ideas with fellow aquaculturists, to cultivate an extensive network of worldwide contacts, and to develop life-long friendships with so many aquaculture professionals. To me this has been the most valuable benefit of them all. — Lorenzo Juarez, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Wisconsin • USA 920-208-1500 Now you can adjust grading sizes without juggling multiple baskets. Our graders float, adjust quickly and have larger bars so fish pass through with little chance of gill damage. Perfect for fresh or salt water, choose either the 30 or 50 settings model. A GRADER THAT MAKES YOUR JOB EASIER 15” x 17” x 11.5” Larger size also available. Visit www.freshflo.com for more details. Check out our aerators and feeder too!
8 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG The 17th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF), hosted by the University of Idaho, was held 6-10 June 2016 at the Sun Valley Resort in Ketchum, Idaho. The biannual conference attracted over 340 scientists and industry experts from 35 countries and has only been held in the USA once before, in College Station, Texas, in 1996. Previous symposia were held in Australia (2014), Norway (2012), China (2010), Brazil (2008) and France (2006). The ISFNF conferences are overseen by an international scientific committee, currently chaired by Dr. Marisol Izquierdo from Gran Canaria, Spain (see photo), with an ad hoc local organizing committee responsible for each individual conference. Fish nutrition research is dominated by the need to develop low fishmeal and fish oil feeds for commercial production. As is well known, demand for seafood is expected to double by 2030 and this demand can only be filled by increased aquaculture production. This requires a doubling of fish feed production at a time when annual global production of the primary ingredients in fish feeds (fishmeal and fish oil) has declined, resulting in sustained high prices for both ingredients. Global supplies of fishmeal and fish oil are already fully utilized, mainly by the fish feed industry. Alternate sources of protein and oil have long been used in fish feeds, but the challenge now is to increase their levels in feeds well beyond historical inclusion levels while maintaining fish growth and health, producing healthy products for consumers and limiting the effects of aquaculture production on aquatic environments. Researchers have defined the nutritional requirements for some species, notably salmonids and catfish, and sufficient information on the effects of ingredient substitution on fish performance is available to formulate commercial feeds with low fishmeal and fish oil levels. However, for many other farmed fish species, notably marine species, nutritional requirements have not yet been established. Reducing fishmeal and oil in feeds for these species reduces fish growth performance and leads to increased disease losses and elevated feed conversion ratios, similar to past challenges faced by the salmon, trout and catfish industries. Investment in research is needed to overcome these challenges, and the marine aquaculture industry is benefiting from the pioneering fish nutrition research conducted by scientists working with salmonids and catfish. The ISFNF is the leading international conference that brings together scientists and industry to exchange new research findings and stimulate new research to solve the issues facing the international fish feed industry. The symposium schedule was structured to provide ample opportunities for interactions between researchers and industry during breaks and events at the resort, and in the nearby colorful town after hours. During the event-filled, week-long conference, attendees heard 85 oral presentations and reviewed 125 poster presentations. International experts were invited to give lectures on future research priorities, from perspectives of the research community (Dr. Sachi Kaushik, INRA), from the fish feed industry (Jose Villalon, Skretting) and from a practicing fish nutritionist (Tim O’Keefe, United Soybean Board). Duke University Professor John Rawls, an expert on fish gut microbiota, presented an invited lecture on recent findings from medical and animal research that demonstrate the crucial role of gut microbiota in the physiology, nutrition and health of animals, including fish. This research area has exploded with the development of high-throughput technologies that have replaced traditional culture techniques used for the past century to identify microorganisms in the gut and to explore how they interact with the host intestine to promote nutrient absorption, inhibit pathogens and drive metabolism of humans, animals, and now fish. The conference was organized into several topic areas, including Feed Resources, Nutritional Modeling, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition and Product Quality, Nutritional Requirements, Nutrigenomics, Nutritional Physiology and Practical Applications of Nutritional Research. It is difficult to summarize the numerous research findings presented at the conference, but the topic sessions with the greatest number of submissions were Feed Resources and Nutrition and Health, reflecting their importance to the aquaculture industry. A surprising number of presentations were made on the effects of feed additives on fish performance and intestinal health, suggesting a growing realization that gut health is the key to fish performance. This is not a new idea. Over 2500 years ago, Hippocrates stated that “all disease starts in the gut.” He also stated 17th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (CONTINUED ON PAGE 72) A lighter moment at the 17th ISFNF.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2016 9 Numerous special sessions are being organized and you are invited to contribute presentations to those sessions. Contact the session chair or co-chairs if you are interested in participating and include the name of the presenter and a presentation title. NAA Special Session — Aquaculture to Restore Coastal Ecosystems Session Chair: Robert Jones, The Nature Conservancy (Robert.Jones@tnc.org). Commercial aquaculture can play a role in restoring ecosystems by providing many of the same benefits of traditional marine restoration projects. Mollusk and seaweed aquaculture, in particular provide a host of ecosystem services, including filtration, nutrient reduction, and habitat provision. Under the right conditions, aquaculture can help improve water clarity, reduce eutrophication, and support growth of marine species such as sea grasses, invertebrates, and fish. Farmers, scientists, and policymakers are invited to present on current information in this arena. Example topics could include, but are not limited to: • growing practices that demonstrate/ enhance ecosystem services • scientific studies that quantify the ecosystem services provided by aquaculture • efforts to incorporate the ecosystem services of aquaculture into regulatory decisions or product marketing As an NAA Special Session, abstracts are welcome but not required for this session. Scientific and non-scientific talks are welcome, but presentations should be easily understood by a general audience. Aquaculture in a Changing Environment Session Chair: Ian Bricknell, University of Maine (ian. bricknell@maine.edu). This session will include a broad range of subjects including the effects of climate change, policy changes, shifting demographics, invasive species, etc. on aquaculture. Larval Feeds Session Chair: Guillaume Salze, Auburn University (gsalze@ auburn.edu). We seek presentations pertaining to the production and use of live prey in fish or shrimp hatcheries (e.g., improving nutritional value and other quality metrics, delivery to fish/shrimp, etc.), as well as the design and performances of inert feeds for larval organisms. Aquaculture Extension and Outreach Session Co-Chairs: Forrest Wynne (fwynne@uky.edu) and Allen Pattillo (pattillo@iastate. edu). Presentations pertaining to aquaculture extension and outreach such as program updates, new programs, new or updated methods of information transfer, use of information technology, use of social media, and demonstration projects are welcome. Aquatic Veterinary Practice & Aquaculture Production Sessions — Aquatic Veterinary Medicine CEPD Sessions Session Chair: A. David Scarfe (dscarfe@ameritech. net). Presentations by veterinarians, other aquatic animal health professionals and student presentations are welcome. Of particular interest are presentations dealing with programs, services and tools that enhance aquatic veterinary practice, and fulfill aquaculture industry’s and client’s needs for increase production, profits and meeting regulatory requirements. The Aquatic Veterinary Medicine CEPD Sessions are organized and coordinated by the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association & American Association of Fish Veterinarians and is intended for Veterinary Continuing Education. Fish Health and Disease Session Co-Chairs: Benjamin H. Beck, USDA-ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (benjamin.beck@ars.usda.gov) and Benjamin R. LaFrentz, USDA-ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (benjamin.lafrentz@ars.usda.gov). The intent of the session is to bring together diverse aspects of aquatic animal health with an emphasis on applied research to solve disease problems associated with aquaculture production. Ornamentals Session Co-Chairs: Matthew DiMaggio, University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory (mdimaggi@ufl.edu), Michael Schwarz, Virginia Tech (mschwarz@vt.edu) and Andrew Rhyne, Roger Williams University (arhyne@rwu.edu). This session will focus on both freshwater and marine ornamental species and cover a broad range of disciplines within the aquaculture field. Farming Marine Seaweeds Session Chair: Michael Chambers, New Hampshire Sea Grant (Michael.Chambers@unh.edu). Focus areas will include aquaculture, processing, biofuels and marketing of seaweed. Call for Speakers for Special Sessions at Aquaculture America 2017
10 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG A Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society In each issue of World Aquaculture, we will highlight a new and exciting research paper from the relaunched Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. This issue’s selected paper is “Some Limiting Factors in Superintensive Production of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in No-Water-Exchange, Biofloc-Dominated Systems” by David I. Prangnell, Leandro F. Castro, Abdulmehdi S. Ali, Craig L. Browdy, Paul V. Zimba, Susan E. Laramore and Tzachi M. Samocha [47(3):396-413]. In view of lower environmental impact and higher biosecurity, recirculation and biofloc combined aquaculture systems are receiving increasing attention. Despite greater biosecurity, loss due to vibriosis is not prevented in such systems. Another factor that could impact production is cumulative changes in the ionic composition of water. In the article, Prangnell et al. examined vibrio levels and ionic composition in a biofloc-dominated raceway stemming from a 49-d trial for juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Their study indicated the potential to reduce feed costs because there were not differences in production parameters between the tested feed protein levels of 35 percent and 40 percent protein. Shrimp survival was directly related to vibrio concentration, indicating the importance of monitoring and controlling vibrio populations in such systems. Some ionic components of culture water changed significantly over time. Although Cu2+ and Zn2+ increased in shrimp tissue, the levels were well within acceptable limits for human consumption. The study highlights the need to monitor and understand changes in the ionic composition of culture water, biofloc, and shrimp over longer culture periods in such limited water exchange systems. The paper is available under the Publications tab at was.org. — A.G. Ponniah, Section Editor, JWAS Best Paper Award for Each Section of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society One award will be given for each of the following categories: review paper, applied studies paper, and fundamental studies paper, beginning with the 2016 volume (47), to be awarded in early 2017. Criteria Best Review Paper The review papers published in each volume, beginning with Volume 47 (2016) will be judged based on the evaluation rubric presented in Table 1. Judging will be done by members of the editorial board who were not an author on any review paper under consideration for the award. Individual item scores (scale of 5) will be weighted by the percentages indicated in Table 1 and summed across all evaluators. Table 1. Evaluation rubric for best review paper. Evaluation category Weighting Impact on aquaculture growth & sustainable development 25% Comprehensiveness of literature reviewed and overall treatment of topic 25% Quality of the synthesis of literature reviewed 30% Clarity of writing and presentation 20% Best Applied Studies Paper The papers published in the Applied Studies Section of each volume, beginning with Volume 47 (2016) will be judged based on the evaluation rubric presented in Table 2. Judging will be done by members of the editorial board who were not an author on any Applied Studies section paper under consideration for the award. Individual item scores (scale of 5) will be weighted by the percentages indicated in Table 2 and summed across all evaluators. Table 2. Evaluation rubric for best applied studies paper. Evaluation category Weighting Usefulness to aquaculture businesses (small or large) 25% Methodological rigor 25% Multidisciplinary approach to problem 15% Potential impact on aquaculture growth and development 25% Clarity of writing and presentation 10% Best Fundamental Studies Paper The papers published in the Fundamental Studies Section of each volume, beginning with Volume 47 (2016) will be judged based on the evaluation rubric presented in Table 3. Judging will be done by members of the editorial board who were not an author on any Fundamental Studies section paper under consideration for the award. Individual item scores (scale of 5) will be weighted by the percentages indicated in Table 3 and summed across all evaluators. Table 3. Evaluation rubric for best fundamental studies paper. Evaluation category Weighting Articulation of linkage to basic problem faced by aquaculturists 30% Contribution to theory or fundamental mechanisms underlying aquaculture science 30% Methodological rigor 30% Clarity of writing and presentation 10% Process By December of each year, the Executive Editor will send a list of the papers published in each section of that year’s volume to members of the editorial board of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (excluding those editorial board members who were an author of a paper in that particular section). Recognition Each Best Paper Award for each section will include a plaque commemorating the award and a check for $500. The recipient will be recognized at the annual meeting of the World Aquaculture Society, with an article in the World Aquaculture magazine, highlighted on the WAS and Wiley web sites for the journal, and included in promotional materials through Wiley newsletters and social media.
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