26 SEPTEMBER 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG tourism industry compared with Pemba (Msuya and Porter 2014, Msuya 2011). Taking both islands together, 60 percent of seaweed farmers are women and 40 percent are men. Production in 2014 was 13,097 t for both islands but Pemba produces more than 90 percent of the total production. Seaweed in Zanzibar is farmed using shallow-water off-bottom methods but there have been experimental trials using deepwater farming methods (Valderrama et al. 2015). Finfish Finfish farming is the dominant animal aquaculture in Zanzibar surpassing other animals by the number of groups engaged in mariculture (referred to as “farmer units” in this article) and production. Between 2006 and 2008 finfish farming was still at an experimental stages (Requintina et al. 2008, Rice et al. 2006), but has in more recent years expanded primarily after private business people became interested in farming. Efforts have also been made to provide training on pond construction, which was identified as one of the challenges for finfish farming in 2008. Currently finfish species farmed in Zanzibar are milkfish Chanos chanos, mullet Mugil cephalus, and more recently tilapia. The number of farmer units is 85 (Fig. 2) with more in Pemba (71) than Unguja (14). Production of finfish in 2012 was about 5.5 t, valued at US$ 7,600 for both islands. Most fish production is from earthen ponds reconstructed primarily from saltpans with a farming period of six months from stocking to harvesting. Seed is collected from the wild or purchased from fishermen for US$ 0.02-0.04/fingerling. The recommended selling weight is 300-400 g. Larger fish have many bones that are not market attractive. The selling price is US$ 2-5/kg of fresh, frozen, or smoked/sundried fish, depending on season. TABLE 1. Number of villages farming seaweed, number of farmers, and seaweed production for Zanzibar, 2012. Unguja Pemba Total (Population 896,721) (Population 406,808) Number of villages 50 33 83 Number of farmers 8,699 14,072 22,771 Production (t) 1,172 12,005 13,177 % Production 8.9 91.1 100 Number and percent of farmers by sex, Zanzibar, Tanzania Unguja a.k.a Zanzibar Women Men Total No. 8,094 605 8,699 % 93 7 100 Pemba Women Men Total No. 5,090 8,982 14,072 % 36 64 100 Total farmers for both Islands No. 13,184 8,982 22,166 % 59 41 100 Fig. 2 Number of animal aquaculture farmer units in Zanzibar, Tanzania for 2012 85 8 11 15 119 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 No. of animal aquaulture units in Zanibar, Tanzania Finfish Crab Pearls/bivalve Sea cucumber Total units FIGURE 2. Number of animal aquaculture farmer units in Zanzibar, Tanzania for 2012. Fig. 3 Animal aquaculture production (kg) in Zanzibar, Tanzania for 2012 5548 64 13 5625 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1 Animal aquaculture producAon (kg) in Zanzibar Tanzania Finfish Sea cucumber Oysters Total all species FIGURE 3. Animal aquaculture production (kg) in Zanzibar, Tanzania for 2012.
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