World Aquaculture 69 tacapsula neurophila sp. n. (Multivalvulida) from the central nervous system of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster). Journal of Fish Diseases 26:315-320. Grossel, G. 2005. Kudoa neurophila in striped trumpeter: identification, diagnostic development and histopathology. PhD Thesis. School of Aquaculture, University of Tasmania. 137 p. Grossel, G., J. Handlinger, S. Battaglene and B. Munday. 2005. Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Kudoa neurophila (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) in a marine finfish hatchery. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 64:141-149. Hewitt, G. C. and P. M. Hine. 1972. Checklist of parasites of New Zealand fishes and of their hosts. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research: 69-114. Hine, P. M., J. B. Jones and B. K. Diggles. 2000. A checklist of the parasites of New Zealand fishes, including previously unpublished records. NIWA Technical Report 75:1-94. Hirazawa, N., T. Goto and K. Shirasu. 2003. 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Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia. 244-253. Tracey, S. R. and J. M. Lyle. 2005. Age validation, growth modelling, and mortality estimates for striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) from southeastern Australia: making the most of patchy data. Fishery Bulletin 103:169-182. Treasurer, J. W. 2002. A review of potential pathogens of sea lice and the application of cleaner fish in biological control. Pest Management Science 58:546-558. we identify and recognize feelings of friendship and even love. Although the customer seems not to care about the welfare of cultured animals, universities and funding agencies do, especially with those used for scientific research. Curiously, the ethical principles of the Brazilian “ethic commissions for research animals” seem to apply only to vertebrates, fish inclusive, but leave those without a spinal column out; like shrimp and mollusks. Going further into the social field, a development plan without ethics could also result in impacts to society. For example, agriculture in the context of the “Green Revolution” – a model that favored and still favors the cultivation of a single genetically enhanced crop – promoted mechanization and caused a major social impact, such as unemployment and migration of rural workers to the big cities. Furthermore, it is hard to understand why, particularly in Brazil, a country that produces more than 100 million tons of cereal grains and seeds annually, hunger still persists. In fisheries, the social consequences of exclusively profit-driven developmental policies are similar. For example, in Peru, a country with a population of almost 30 million people and with eight million tons per year of fisheries production, enough to feed every inhabitant with 250 g of protein daily, 40 percent of the population is malnourished. It is even worse because 90 percent of the fisheries are transformed into fishmeal or exported to other countries to be used as an animal feedstuff, instead of reducing hunger (Vinatea and Muedas 1998). Ethics needs to be addressed. We must anticipate the revolutionaries and the critics from the establishment by pondering current ethics as a whole, not only the environmental implications. At the present time, when thoughts change radically, when humanity asks more and more about its ? role in the world, ethics should become the main item when preparing developmental policies, scientific research and technological studies for aquaculture. If we do not do it now, nature and society can condemn us sooner than we expect. Notes 1Departamento de Aqüicultura, CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil. E-mail: vinatea@ mbox1.ufsc.br 2Carelli (2007). Everyday life ethics. Interviewing Peter Singer. Veja magazine, February 21, 2007. In Portuguese. References Bunge, M. 1980. Tecnologia e Filosofia. Pages 185-210 In Epistemologia: Curso de Atualização. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazsil. Cupani, A. 1993. O “ethos” da ciência: uma questão polêmica. Cadernos de Filosofia, 1(8). Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazsil. Ransom, T. 1993. Dicionário de filosofia: termos e filósofos. São Paulo : Editora Pedagógica e Universitária. Vinetea, L. and W. Muedas. 1998. A aqüicultura brasileira está preparada para enfrentar os desafios sócio-ambientais do século XXI? Panorama da Aqüicultura 8(50):25-30. Ethics in Aquaculture (Continued from page 64)
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